"Activity theory" (Cultural Historical Activity Theory, CHAT)
"Activity theory", "virksomhedsteori" eller "den kulturhistoriske skole" er en "antropologi", d.v.s. såvel en transdisciplinær skole som en retning indenfor enkeltfag (især psykologi). Denne retning betoner det psykiskes udvikling som en eenhed af en biologisk udviklingsproces, en kulturhistorisk og en individual­psykologisk udviklingsproces og subjektets virksomhed og denne virksomheds objekt­rettethed.

In the announcement for The Fourth International Congress for Research on Activity Theory (ISCRAT), Aaarhus, Denmark, 1998, this approach presents itself: "Activity theory originated in Russia and was founded by Vigotsky and his pupils Elkonin, Leontiev and Luria. Elkonin´s followers, Davydov and Lektorskij, heve contributed to its spread together with Michael Cole from USA and Klaus Holzkamp from Berlin..."

Som det fremgår af nedenstående referencer har denne retning gjort sig ret kraftigt gældende indenfor HCI, studiet af brugergrænseflader og design af informationssystemer. ("Activity theory" er en discriptor i den teknologiske database INSPEC, men ikke i den psykologiske base PsycINFO!)

The activity system is composed of 'the individual practitioner, the colleagues and co-workers of the workplace community, the conceptual and practical tools and the shared objects as a unified dynamic whole' (Engeström, 1991,  267).
 

Litteratur:
 

Leontiev, A.N.: Problems in the Development of the Mind. Moscow: Progress, 1959/1981.
Nardi, B.A.: Studying context: a comparison of activity theory, situated action models, and distributed cognition (Vol.2, Pp. 352-359 in: Proceedings of the St. Petersburg International Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction. Edited by J. Gornostaev. Moscow: Int. Centre for Sci. & Tech. Inf., 1992. 2 vol. xv + 479 pp).
Vygotsky, L.S.: Mind in Society: the Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Wertsch, J.V. (ed.): The Concept of Activity in Soviet Psychology. Armonk, NY: M.E.Sharpe, 1981.
 

2) Human Computer Interaction
Bardram, J.E.; Bertelsen, O.W.: Supporting the development of transparent interaction (Pp. 79-90 in: Human-Computer Interaction. 5th International Conference, EWHCI'95. Selected Papers. Editors: Blumenthal, B.; Gornostaev, J.; Unger, C. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995. viii+201 pp. ISBN: 3 540 60614 9).
Blumenthal, B.: Industrial design and activity theory: a new direction for designing computer-based artifacts (Pp.1-16 in: Human-Computer Interaction. 5th International Conference, EWHCI'95. Selected Papers. Editors: Blumenthal, B.; Gornostaev, J.; Unger, C. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995. viii+201 pp. ISBN: 3 540 60614 9).
Bødker, S.: A human activity approach to user interfaces. Human-Computer Interactions, 1989, 4(3), 171-195.
Bødker, S.: Historical analysis and conflicting perspectives-contextualizing HCI (Pp. 1-10 in: Third International Conference. EWHCI'93. Human-Computer Interaction, 3.-7. Aug. 1993 in Moscow. Ed. by L.J. Bass; J. Gornostaev & C. Ungar. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993. x + 388 pp. ISBN: 3 540 57433 6)
Kaptelinin, V.: Human computer interaction in context: the activity theory perspective (Vol. 1 Pp. 7-13 in: Proceedings of the St. Petersburg International Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction. Ed. by J. Gornostaev. Moscow: Int. Centre Sci. & Tech. Inf, 1992. 2 vols. xv + 479 pp).
Kaptelinin, V.: Activity theory: implications for human computer interaction (Vol 1, Pp. 5-15 in: Proceedings of NATO Advanced Study Institute on Basics of Man-Machine Communication for the Design of Education Systems, 16-26 Aug. 1993 in Eindhoven, Netherlands. Ed. by M.D. Brouwer-Janse & T.L. Harrington. Eindhoven, Netherlands: Inst. Perception Res. IPO, 1993. 3 vol. 346 pp).
Kaptelinin, V.; Kuutti, K.; Bannon, L.: Activity theory: basic concepts and applications (Pp. 189-201 in: Human-Computer Interaction. 5th International Conference, EWHCI'95. Selected Papers. Editors: Blumenthal, B.; Gornostaev, J.; Unger, C. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995. viii+201 pp. ISBN: 3 540 60614 9).
Kuutti, K.: The activity theory as an alternative framework for HCI research and design (Pp. 347-357 in: European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics. ECCE-5. Fifth European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics Proceedings, 3-6 Sept. 1990 in Urbino, Italy. Amsterdam: Free University, 1990. 470 pp.
Kuutti, K.: The concept of activity as a basic unit of analysis for CSCW research (Pp. 249-264 in: Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. ECSCW '91. Ed. by L.Bannon; M. Robinson & K. Schmidt. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991. xii+349 pp. ISBN: 0 7923 1439 5)
Kuutti, K.: HCI research debate and activity theory position (Vol. 1 Pp. 13-22 in: Proceedings of the St. Petersburg International Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction, 4-8 Aug. 1992, St. Petersburg, USSR. Ed. by J. Gornostaev. Moscow: Int. Centre Sci. & Tech. Inf, 1992, 2 vols. xv+479 pp)
Kuutti, K. & T. Arvonen: Identifying potential CSCW applications by means of activity theory concepts: a case example (Pp. 233-40 in: Proceedings of ACM 1992 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Sharing Per­spec­ti­ves 31 Oct.-4 Nov. 1992, Toronto, Ont., Canada. Ed. by J. Turner, J. & R. Kraut. New York, NY: ACM, 1992. xi+403 pp. ISBN: 0 89791 542 9).
Kuutti, K.; Bannon, L.J.: Searching for unity among diversity: exploring the "interface" concept (Using the approach of activity theory). (Pp.263-268 in: Proceedings of INTERCHI '93 sponsored by ACM). Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1993. xviii+547 pp).
Linard, M.; Zeiliger, R.: Designing navigational support for educational software [by using Activity Theory] (Pp 63-78 in: Human-Computer Interaction. 5th International Conference, EWHCI'95. Selected Papers. Editors: Blumenthal, B.; Gornostaev, J.; Unger, C. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995. viii+201 pp. ISBN: 3 540 60614 9).
Mogensen, P.: Towards a provotyping approach in systems development [activity theory]. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 1992, 4(aug), 31-53.
Nissen, H.-E.; H.K. Klein & R. Hirschheim (Eds.): Information Systems Research: Contemporary Approaches and Emergent Traditions. Proceedings of the IFIP TC8/WG 8.2 Working Conference on the Information Systems Research Arena of the 90's. Challenges, Perceptions and Alternative Approaches 14-16 Dec. 1990. Copenhagen, Denmark. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1991. xiii+754 pp. ISBN: 0 444 89029 7.
3) Domæneteori
Engestrom, Y.: Objects, contradictions and collaboration in medical cognition: an activity-theoretical perspective. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 1995, 7(5), 395-412.
Timpka, T. & J.M. Nyce: Dilemmas at a primary health care center: a baseline study for computer-supported cooperative health care work. Methods of Information in Medicine, 1991, 31(3), 204-209.
Holmgren, H.; Timpka, T.; Goldkuhl, G.; Nyce, J.M.; Sjoberg, C.: Argumentative Design of medical software: an essential part of action Design (Vol.2, Pp. 1249-53 in: MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the Seventh World Congress on Medical Informatics. Ed. by: P. Degoulet; T.E.Piemme & O. Rienhoff. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1992. 2 vol. liv + 1637 pp. ISBN: 0 444 89668 6)
4) Andre emner
Fox, M.S.; A.Sathi & M. Greenberg: Issues in knowledge representation for project management (Pp. 17-26 in: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Principles of Knowledge-Based Systems, 3-4 Dec. 1984 in Denver, CO, USA. Silver Spring, MD: IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, 1984. viii+213 pp. ISBN: 0 8186 0567 7)
Hawryszkiewycz, I.T.; Maciaszek, L.A.; Getta, J.R.: Semantic model of asynchronous distributed cooperation [using activity theory].(Pp. 657-666 in: Proceedings of ISD'94 - 4th International Conference on Information Systems Development 20-22 Sept. 1994 in Bled, Slovenia. Editors: Zupancic, J. & Wrycza, S. Kranj, Slovenia: Moderna Organizacija, 1994. 744 pp).
Holt, A.W.; H.R. Ramsey & J.D. Grimes: Coordination system technology as the basis for a programming environment. Electrical Communication, 1983, 57(4), 307-314.
Ruohonen, M.: Contradictions of managerial learning system for strategic information systems planning [activity theory] (Pp. 181-211 in: Collaborative Work, Social Communications and Information Systems. Proceedings of the IFIP TC8 Working Conference. COSCIS '91. Ed. by R.K. Stamper; P.Kerola; R. Lee & K. Lyytinen. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1991. xvi+385 pp. ISBN: 0 444 89211 7).

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